Janus kinases are intracellular enzymes that transmit signals arising from cytokine or growth factor receptor interactions on the cellular membrane to influence cellular processes of immune cell function and hematopoiesis. JAK-mediated signaling is pivotal in immune activation, as cytokine receptors are expressed on most immune cells. Within the signaling pathway, JAKs phosphorylate and activate signal transducers and activators of transcription proteins (STATs), which modulate intracellular activity including gene expression. Baricitinib modulates the signaling pathway at the point of JAKs, preventing the phosphorylation and activation of STATs. Cytokine signaling is transmitted through pairing of JAKs. Baricitinib has greater affinity for JAK1, JAK2, and TYK2, relative to JAK3. In human leukocytes, baricitinib inhibits cytokine induced STAT phosphorylation mediated by JAK1/JAK2, JAK1/JAK3, JAK1/TYK2, or JAK2/TYK2 with comparable potencies

Bevacizumab is an anti VEGF recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody, which has been used in anti-tumor treatment for 16 years. Approved to treat certain types of cancer. 

Vazegepant is a Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor antagonist that may potentially blunt the severe inflammatory response at the alveolar level, delaying or reversing the path towards oxygen desaturation in patients with COVID-19.

Bifidobacteria monovalent SARS-CoV-2 DNA oral vaccine for prevention of COVID-19.

Each oral dose of bacTRL-Spike contains bacterial medium with either 1 billion (Group 1A), 3 billion (Group 2A) or 10 billion (Group 3A) colony-forming-units of live Bifidobacterium longum, which has been engineered to deliver plasmids containing synthetic DNA encoding spike protein from SARS-CoV-2.

Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is a vaccine against tuberculosis, with protective non-specific effects against other respiratory tract infections in in vitro and in vivo studies, and reported morbidity and mortality reductions as high as 70%.

mRNA-based vaccine targeting infectious disease pathogens.

The Covid-19/aAPC vaccine is prepared by applying lentivirus modification including immune modulatory genes and the viral minigenes, to the artificial antigen presenting cells (aAPCs).